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Properties and Function of different classes of Antibodies

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Antibodies are glycoproteins produced in membrane-bound or secreted form by B lymphocytes in response to exposure to foreign structures known as antigens. The human immunoglobulins are a family of proteins that confer humoral immunity and perform vital roles in promoting cellular immunity. There are five classes of antibodies or immunoglobulins termed immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE. All these classes have the basic four – chain antibody structure but they differ in their heavy chains termed γ, μ, α, δ and ε respectively. The antibodies are the gamma globulins. Antibodies are often referred to as “first line of defense” against infection. The most important function of antibodies is to confer protection against microbial pathogens. Antibodies confer protection in the following ways: They prevent attachment of microbes to mucosal surfaces of the host. They reduce virulence of microbes by neutralizing toxins and viruses. They facilitate phagocytosis by o

Encephabol (Pyritinol) : Pharmacological actions

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PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY Encephabol Liquid Syrup User Guide: 200mL Doses and How to Use MEMORY   MENTAL FUNCTION   MOOD  Expand Summary Taking Encephabol liquid is a popular and effective way to boost cognition in both clinical settings and among nootropic users. First developed in  a generic pill form known as Pyritinol  in the 1970s, this brain supplement is considered to be a safe dietary supplement by the FDA. It is currently being used in certain contexts as an adjunct treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. But its  off-label use as a concentration aid , memory enhancing, and depression fighting smart drug has driven interest and innovation in recent years. The latest iteration of the supplement is an easy to swallow liquid form. Is Encephabol syrup as strong, effective, and economical as other forms of the remedy? Here is a summary of how Encephabol is